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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*jac?an-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"be ashamed, embarrassedface="Times New Roman Star"ñòûäèòüñÿ, ñìóùàòüñÿ
face="Times New Roman Star"jac?an- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"(Osm.) jac?an-
face="Times New Roman Star"jac?an- (CCum.)








face="Times New Roman Star"s/u"z/en- 'to be shocked'













face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 882, VEWT 176, (incorrectly) Ôåäîòîâ 2, 151.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jok-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 up, above 2 hill, elevationface="Times New Roman Star"1 ââåðõ, íàâåðõ 2 âîçâûøåííîñòü, ïîäúåìface="Times New Roman Star"joqaru 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"joqaru 1, joq 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jukary 1, jokus? 2face="Times New Roman Star"jug|ary 1face="Times New Roman Star"joqaru (AH), juqar (Pav. C.) 1, joqus? (AH, Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"juqo|ri 1face="Times New Roman Star"juqari 1
face="Times New Roman Star"juxary, dial. uxary 1, joxus? 2face="Times New Roman Star"joqary 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?og|ar 1

face="Times New Roman Star"juqqar 1
face="Times New Roman Star"sog|oru, sog|uru: 'South; centre'face="Times New Roman Star"soguru: 'South'

face="Times New Roman Star"z?|og|or(u) 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?og|ary 1
face="Times New Roman Star"jug|ary 1face="Times New Roman Star"og|ary 1face="Times New Roman Star"juqar(y) 1face="Times New Roman Star"jog|ary 1, joqus?, joqys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?oqary 1

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 896, 906, ÝÑÒß 4, 213-214, 215, Stachowski 211.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jEk-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"to harnessface="Times New Roman Star"çàïðÿãàòü


face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ik-







face="Times New Roman Star"jek-, d/ek-





face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ek-face="Times New Roman Star"z?ek-face="Times New Roman Star"jek-face="Times New Roman Star"jek-face="Times New Roman Star"z?ek-
face="Times New Roman Star"jek-, jik-face="Times New Roman Star"z?ek-
face="Times New Roman Star"jek-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 195, ÝÑÒß 4, 172.
face="Times New Roman Star"*juba-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to be comforted, consoled, entertained 2 to comfort, entertainface="Times New Roman Star"1 óòåøàòüñÿ, çàáàâëÿòüñÿ 2 óòåøàòü, ðàçâëåêàòü

face="Times New Roman Star"juwat- (dial.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"juwan- 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?|uwat- 2 (R)face="Times New Roman Star"juwan- (dial.) 1















face="Times New Roman Star"jywan- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"juwan-, juwun- 1, juwut- 2


face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 4, 240. Some forms, like Kum. jyban-, Uzb. jupan- reflect rather *jupa-; the variation of *-b- and *-p- is not quite clear in this root.
face="Times New Roman Star"*apac?y, *apakyface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 bogy 2 figure set up to avert the evil eye 3 idolface="Times New Roman Star"1 áóêà 2 ôèãóðêà äëÿ îòâîäà ñãëàçà 3 èäîë
face="Times New Roman Star"abac?y 1, abaqy 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"apaq, abaq 'jinn, ghoul' (dial.), 'fool'
face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) abaq 'doll' (Houts., At-Tuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"o|pa-lar 'female evil ghosts' (lit. "elder sisters")








face="Times New Roman Star"aba:hy 'evil ghost'






face="Times New Roman Star"abac?y 1
face="Times New Roman Star"abaq, abax 3


face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 1, 2, EDT 6, 8. Quite dubious is the hypothesis (see Àíèêèí 71, TMN 4, 307-310, Clark 1977, 127) of the Turkic forms being borrowed from Mong. abug|àc?i 'receiver' (all the more so because the Bur. form is not aba:s?a, but abags?a, i. e. reflecting -g-, not -g|-). See a detailed discussion in Stachowski 2001.
face="Times New Roman Star"*yl/y-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to rub, scrape 2 jack-planeface="Times New Roman Star"1 òåðåòü, öàðàïàòü 2 ðóáàíîê


face="Times New Roman Star"ys?y- 1, ys?qy 2


















face="Times New Roman Star"ys?i- 1




face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 167, ÝÑÒß 1, 667. Despite some mergers with *jyl/- (v. sub *n/il/u), cf. Bashk. jys?y-, jys?qy, this appears to be a separate root.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kolakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"one-handedface="Times New Roman Star"îäíîðóêèé
face="Times New Roman Star"qolaq (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kolak (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq (dial.)




face="Times New Roman Star"Golaq


















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 277, ÝÑÒß 6, 42.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kir-del/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"a neighbour who lives in the same houseface="Times New Roman Star"ñîñåä, æèâóùèé â òîì æå äîìå
face="Times New Roman Star"kirdes? (MK)


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 739. The word is attested only in OT, but modern forms like Oyr. ko"ru"s?, Tat. ku"rs?i 'neighbour' etc. (ÝÑÒß 5, 118-119; > Mong. ko"rs?i, see Clark 1980, 41) may actually belong here, being transformed under the influence of ko"ru"s?- 'to see each other'. Difficult is Yak. ku"re, ku"ru"o" 'wife's younger sister': Poppe 1961, 138 regards it as genetically related to the Mongolian forms, but one cannot exclude a secondary loan < Evk. kurig|en.
face="Times New Roman Star"*degu"lface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"is notface="Times New Roman Star"íåò, íå
face="Times New Roman Star"tegu"l (MK Oghuz)face="Times New Roman Star"degu"l, dejilface="Times New Roman Star"tu"gilface="Times New Roman Star"degu"l (Pav. C.)


face="Times New Roman Star"dejilface="Times New Roman Star"da":l








face="Times New Roman Star"tu"gu"lface="Times New Roman Star"tu"gilface="Times New Roman Star"tuwylface="Times New Roman Star"tu"gil

face="Times New Roman Star"dugul/face="Times New Roman Star"tu"we
face="Times New Roman Star"tu"gu"lface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 480, ÝÑÒß 3, 213-214.
face="Times New Roman Star"*gEnc?face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"young, childface="Times New Roman Star"ìîëîäîé, ðåáåíîêface="Times New Roman Star"kenc? (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"kenc? (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"genc?/z?|-




face="Times New Roman Star"ga"nz?|














face="Times New Roman Star"genc?/z?|-face="Times New Roman Star"genc?


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 727, ÝÑÒß 3, 20-21, VEWT 252 (not < Pers., despite Ra"sa"nen; see TMN 1, 488).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kubak ( ? -p-)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"arrow shaftface="Times New Roman Star"äðåâêî ñòðåëû


face="Times New Roman Star"qubaq (Sib.)






face="Times New Roman Star"qubu 'pole'
















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 295.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bAc?a-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to fast 2 fastface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîñòèòüñÿ 2 ïîñòface="Times New Roman Star"bac?a- 1, bac?aq 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"bac?aq 2 (MK)


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 293. Turk. bac?a-k 'fast' > WMong. bac?ag.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ko-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"to putface="Times New Roman Star"êëàñòü

face="Times New Roman Star"ko-
face="Times New Roman Star"qo- (Pav. C., IM)








face="Times New Roman Star"xyv-, xu-









face="Times New Roman Star"qo-


face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 273, ÝÑÒß 6, 27-29. The root seems archaic, but in most languages (beginning with OT) was substituted by the synonymous *Kod- (v. sub *k`o>da), being preserved only in Chag., Osm. and Chuv.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kod-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"to put, leave, abandonface="Times New Roman Star"êëàñòü, îñòàâëÿòü, ïîêèäàòüface="Times New Roman Star"qod- (Yen., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qod|- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"koj-face="Times New Roman Star"quj-face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- (AH, Pav. C., Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo.j-face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-face="Times New Roman Star"quz-face="Times New Roman Star"Goj-face="Times New Roman Star"Goj-

face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-
face="Times New Roman Star"xor-



face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-face="Times New Roman Star"quj-face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-
face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 274, EDT 595-596, ÝÑÒß 6, 27-28, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 361. The original meaning (observable in most ancient occurrences, see EDT 595) must have been 'to put aside, leave, abandon'; the meaning 'put' appears somewhat later and is probably due to a merger with *Ko- 'to put' (v. sub *ga), not attested before the XIVth century.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Tilgenface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"wheelface="Times New Roman Star"êîëåñîface="Times New Roman Star"tilgen, tilken (OUygh.)



























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 499.
face="Times New Roman Star"*okraface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 pimple, pustule 2 disease of cattleface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïðûù 2 áîëåçíü ñêîòà


face="Times New Roman Star"uqra 2face="Times New Roman Star"oqra (Áóä.) 1














face="Times New Roman Star"oqra 1
face="Times New Roman Star"uqra 'îâîä áû÷à÷èé'





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 360.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bElinface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"hawkface="Times New Roman Star"ÿñòðåá




face="Times New Roman Star"belin (Chag.)

face="Times New Roman Star"beli-baGly















face="Times New Roman Star"belin|


face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 69.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"ku"r/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"oxface="Times New Roman Star"áûê, âîëface="Times New Roman Star"o"ku"z (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"o"ku"z (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"o"ku"zface="Times New Roman Star"ugi>zface="Times New Roman Star"o"ku"z (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"ho.kizface="Times New Roman Star"o"ku"z, ho"ku"zface="Times New Roman Star"kusface="Times New Roman Star"o"ku"zface="Times New Roman Star"o"kiz, o"ku"z



face="Times New Roman Star"vúw|gúw|rface="Times New Roman Star"og|usface="Times New Roman Star"ogus

face="Times New Roman Star"o"gu"zface="Times New Roman Star"o"gi>zface="Times New Roman Star"o"gizface="Times New Roman Star"ugi>d|face="Times New Roman Star"o"gu"zface="Times New Roman Star"jo"ku"zface="Times New Roman Star"oku"z, o"gu"zface="Times New Roman Star"o"giz
face="Times New Roman Star"o"gu"zface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 120, VEWT 370, ÝÑÒß 1, 521-523, Ëåêñèêà 439, Stachowski 190. Clauson 1959 derives the form from Tokh. B okso (corrected to Tokh. A in EDT); justly refuted by Doerfer TMN 1, 539 because of original *p-. Turk. (Bulg.) > Hung. o"ko"r, see Gombocz 1912, MNyTESz 3, 23.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bAla- (?)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"fir treeface="Times New Roman Star"åëü


















face="Times New Roman Star"balaty 'young fir tree'

face="Times New Roman Star"balas?ty (VEWT)face="Times New Roman Star"balas (VEWT)




face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 60 (the Bashk. and KBalk. forms are only found there, so the root is somewhat dubious).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyn-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to long for, covet, to be obsessed with 2 to long (sexually) 3 coireface="Times New Roman Star"1 æåëàòü, ñòðåìèòüñÿ 2 æåëàòü (ñåêñóàëüíî) 3 coireface="Times New Roman Star"qyn- 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyn- 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kyn- 1, 2






face="Times New Roman Star"xyn-, xynyx- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyn- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyn-, qynyq- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xúnúx- 1face="Times New Roman Star"kyn- 3


face="Times New Roman Star"qynyq- 1








face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264, EDT 632, ÝÑÒß 6, 632.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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